Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

What is Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder typically diagnosed in children, but it can also affect adults. According to surveys¹, approximately 2.5% of adults in Hong Kong are diagnosed with ADHD.

Research² indicates that symptoms of adult ADHD are associated with poor work performance, mental health issues, alcohol use, and substance abuse, which can impact daily life. Additionally, inappropriate social behaviors stemming from ADHD symptoms are often perceived as rude, self-centered, irresponsible, or other negative personality traits, leading to damaged social and interpersonal relationships.
 

Symptoms:

• Inattention: Difficulty maintaining focus on work or daily tasks, easily distracted.
• Impulsivity: Acting on impulse, which may lead to irrational decision-making.
• Poor organizational skills: Difficulty planning and organizing tasks, resulting in poor time management.
• Emotional instability: Fluctuating emotions, potentially experiencing anxiety or depression.
• Hyperactivity: Although less pronounced in adults than in children, individuals may still feel inner restlessness or find it hard to sit still.
   

Treatment Options:

• Medication: Common prescriptions for adult ADHD include stimulants like methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine, as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help improve time management and organizational skills, as well as teach coping strategies.
• Lifestyle adjustments: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and good sleep habits can help alleviate symptoms.

References：

1. Hong Kong Attention Deficit Association. Recommendations for welfare support policies for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
2. Abecassis, M., Isquith, P. K., & Roth, R. M. (2017). Characteristics of ADHD in the emerging adult: An overview. Psychological Injury and Law, 10(3), 197–208.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-017-9293-7