| Influenza Vaccine | Influenza can lead to complications such as pneumonia. Older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic illnesses are at higher risk. | 1 dose annually; children aged 6 months to under 9 years receiving influenza vaccine for the first time require 2 doses | ✓ (from 6 months; nasal spray from age 2) | ✓
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| Diphtheria (Reduced Dose), Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (Reduced Dose) Vaccine | Protects against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Pertussis can be particularly serious in infants and young children. | Children: according to the immunisation schedule; adults: catch-up or booster doses based on vaccination history | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ (1 dose during each pregnancy) |
| Hepatitis A Vaccine | Hepatitis A spreads through contaminated food or water and can cause hepatitis and jaundice. Travellers and people with chronic liver disease should take particular care. | 2 doses (6-12 months apart) | ▲ (from age 1) | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ |
| Hepatitis B Vaccine | Hepatitis B spreads through blood, body fluids and mother-to-child transmission, and may lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. | 3 doses (months 0, 1 and 6) | ✓ | ✓ | ▲ | ▲ |
| HPV Vaccine (Gardasil) | Protects against cervical cancer and other cancers associated with HPV. Suitable for both males and females. | 2 or 3 doses (depending on age and immune status) | ✓ (from age 9) | ✓ (generally up to age 45) | ✗ | ✗ (vaccination after pregnancy) |
| Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine | Measles is highly contagious. Rubella infection during pregnancy may affect fetal development. | 2 doses (live attenuated vaccine) | ✓ | ▲ | ▲ | ✗ (i) |
| Meningococcal B Vaccine | Meningococcal infection can rapidly cause meningitis or septicaemia and may be fatal in severe cases. Travellers, overseas students and people living in hostels or dormitories should take particular care. | Depends on age and vaccine type | ▲ (from 2 months) | ▲ | - | - |
| Meningococcal Serogroup ACWY Vaccine | Protects against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y. Travellers, overseas students and people living in hostels or dormitories should take particular care. | 1 or more doses, based on risk assessment | ▲ (from 2 months) (ii) | ▲ | ▲ | - |
| Pneumococcal Vaccine (Vaxneuvance/ Prevnar 20/ Pneumovax 23) | Pneumococcal disease can cause pneumonia, meningitis and serious bloodstream infections. Older adults and people at higher risk are more likely to develop severe illness. | Based on age and health status; some people require sequential vaccination | ✓ (Vaxneuvance/ Prevnar 20) | ▲ (Vaxneuvance/ Prevnar 20/ Pneumovax 23) | ✓ (Vaxneuvance/ Prevnar 20/ Pneumovax 23) | - |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine | RSV can cause severe lower respiratory tract infection. Infants, older adults and people at higher risk are more likely to develop severe illness. | Adults: 1 dose; pregnant women: vaccination at an appropriate stage of pregnancy | ✓ (iii) | ▲ | ✓ | ▲ |
| Typhoid Fever Vaccine | Salmonella Typhi spreads through contaminated food or water. People travelling to high-risk areas should take particular care. | Injectable vaccine: 1 dose, with a booster approximately every 3 years | ▲ (from age 2) | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ |
| Varicella Vaccine | Varicella-zoster virus is highly contagious and may cause complications such as skin infections and pneumonia. | 2 doses | ✓ | ▲ | - | ✗ (iv) |
| Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (Shingrix) | Shingles can cause persistent nerve pain, and the risk increases with age. | 2 doses (2-6 months apart) | ✗ | ✓ (age 50 or above; certain high-risk individuals aged 18 or above) | ✓ | ✗ |
| Rabies Vaccine | Rabies is transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal and can be fatal. | Pre-travel prevention and post-exposure management follow different schedules | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ▲ (v) |
