Many couples work hard to conceive after marriage, yet years may pass without success. As they approach the age of advanced maternal age, both partners may feel a growing sense of urgency. If couples suspect infertility, they should consult a specialist as soon as possible. Age is the greatest enemy of fertility; addressing issues early can also reduce the risks associated with pregnancy once conception occurs.
For a 25-year-old woman, the chance of successful pregnancy is about 25%. However, for women aged 35, this chance drops by half. In Hong Kong, approximately one in six couples experiences infertility issues. Medical statistics indicate that two-thirds of infertility cases originate from the female partner. The primary cause of female infertility is age, followed by fibroids, ovarian cysts, damaged or blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, ovarian dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances that lead to ovulation difficulties or irregular periods. In men, infertility can result from low sperm count, poor motility, abnormal morphology, as well as blockages in the vas deferens, varicocele, testicular dysfunction, and erectile issues.
Once a couple has been evaluated and the causes of infertility identified, they can consider various treatments to enhance their chances of natural conception, including medications, surgical interventions, and counselling. If these methods fail, doctors may recommend assisted reproductive technologies, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, assisted reproduction does not allow for the selection of the baby's gender unless there are genetic concerns or specific hereditary conditions, and cases must comply with regulations set by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Additionally, the success rate of artificial insemination is significantly influenced by the woman's age; for those under 30, the success rate is about 50%. This rate declines sharply with age, dropping to below 20% for women over 40. Therefore, it is crucial to remember: "It's best to conceive while young."
