Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is divided into two types: congenital hearing loss, which refers to hearing impairment present at birth, and sudden hearing loss, which occurs over a short period.
Congenital Hearing Loss
Congenital hearing loss refers to hearing deficiencies that exist at birth or during fetal development.
Symptoms:
- Inability of the infant to respond to sounds after birth
- Lack of interest in sounds
- Delayed speech and language development
- Recurrent ear infections
- High volume of television or audio
Causes:
- Genetic factors: A family history of hearing issues may increase the risk of congenital hearing loss.
- Maternal infections during pregnancy: Viral infections such as rubella and cytomegalovirus can lead to fetal hearing problems.
- Complications at birth: Issues like premature birth or jaundice may affect an infant's hearing.
Treatment:
- Early screening and diagnosis: Infants can undergo newborn hearing screening for early detection of hearing issues.
- Hearing aids: Devices like hearing aids and cochlear implants can help improve hearing.
- Speech therapy: Early speech therapy can enhance language and communication skills.
- Surgery: In certain cases, surgery may be part of the treatment, such as cochlear implant surgery.
Sudden Hearing Loss
Sudden hearing loss refers to a rapid loss of hearing that occurs within a short period, typically within 72 hours, affecting one ear or both.
Symptoms:
- Sudden onset of hearing loss or complete deafness.
- May be accompanied by tinnitus or dizziness.
Causes:
- Infection: Such as ear infections or viral infections.
- Medications: Certain drugs may cause hearing loss.
- Head injury: A head injury or sudden loud noises may lead to hearing problems.
Treatment:
- Medication: Antibiotics or steroids may be used depending on the situation.
- Hearing therapy: Some patients may require hearing rehabilitation therapies, such as hearing training or hearing aids.
