Paediatric Neurology

A: Not necessarily. Seizures may be related to fever, infection, electrolyte imbalance, brain conditions or other causes. Whether it is epilepsy depends on the seizure pattern, medical history, neurological examination and relevant investigation results. If your child has had a seizure, medical assessment is recommended.

A: Migraine in children may present as recurrent headaches, sometimes with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light or sound, or worsening with activity. Some children may not be able to describe the pain clearly and may instead appear tired, want to sleep or avoid activity. The doctor will assess the headache pattern and associated symptoms.

A: Yes. Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder are part of neurodevelopmental disorders. If a child has difficulties with language, social interaction, attention, impulse control, learning or behavioural regulation, specialist assessment and follow-up recommendations may be arranged.

A: If a child is noticeably behind peers in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, social interaction or learning abilities, assessment is recommended. The doctor will evaluate the child’s development and determine whether further investigations, treatment or rehabilitation support is needed.

A: An EEG records the brain’s electrical activity and is commonly used to assess epilepsy, suspected seizures or brief staring episodes. The test itself generally does not cause pain. The doctor will decide whether it is needed based on the clinical situation.

A: High fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, persistent vomiting, poor mental state, drowsiness, confusion, seizures or reduced response to the surroundings may suggest meningitis, encephalitis or another serious infection. Immediate medical attention should be sought.

A: Neuromuscular diseases may present with muscle weakness, frequent falls, unsteady walking, difficulty walking up and down stairs, poor exercise tolerance, developmental delay or abnormal posture. If these symptoms persist, specialist assessment is recommended.

A: It depends on the diagnosis. Some conditions, such as epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuromuscular diseases, movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, may require regular follow-up, medication adjustment, rehabilitation support or long-term monitoring. The doctor will arrange suitable follow-up according to the child’s condition and growth stage.